Autonomous Vehicles or Self-Driving Cars have become a common part of reality, with autonomous driving systems estimated to create between $300 and $400 billion in revenue by 2035. These Automated Driving Systems comprise hardware and software that facilitate various levels of automation ranging from driver assistance to completion of the entire dynamic driving task without a human driver.

However, this innovative technology has raised numerous safety concerns, with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reporting six fatalities resulting from autonomous vehicle accidents between July 2021 and May 2022 in addition to a number of serious injuries. Moreover, a self-driving taxi blocked an ambulance in San Francisco, resulting in the death of the patient being transported in the ambulance.