Policymakers, lawmakers, and regulators around the world have increasingly been taking action to ensure that AI systems, particularly those used in high-risk contexts such as employment decisions and insurance, are used with the appropriate safeguards in place to minimise risk and reduce harms.

Currently, different jurisdictions are largely taking diverging approaches, with the US proposing an influx of regulations specifically targeting AI and similar technologies, the EU aiming to set the global gold standard for horizontal legislation with the EU AI Act, the UK mostly taking a light-touch approach through whitepapers, and countries such as Switzerland taking a technology-neutral approach and not yet proposing AI specific legislation. However, on 26 November 2023, U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) published joint Guidelines for Secure AI System Development in cybersecurity.